Leaving this here mainly as a reminder to myself.

These options work in both Thunderbird and K-9 Mail, but any client that supports OAuth2 should work.

IMAP

Server/Port: outlook.office365.com:993
Username: (Probably your email address)
Authentication method: OAuth2

SMTP

Server/Port: smtp.office365.com:587
Username: (Same as for IMAP)
Security: STARTTLS
Authentication method: OAuth2